Neuro-fuzzy identification of an internal combustion engine

Dynamic modeling and identification of an internal combustion engine (ICE) model is presented in this paper. Initially, an analytical model of an internal combustion engine simulated within SIMULINK environment is excited by pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) input. This random signals input is chosen to excite the dynamic behavior of the system over a large range of frequencies. The input and output data obtained from the simulation of the analytical model is used for the identification of the system. Next, a parametric modeling of the internal combustion engine using recursive least squares (RLS) technique within an auto-regressive external input (ARX) model structure and a nonparametric modeling using neuro-fuzzy modeling (ANFIS) approach are introduced. Both parametric and nonparametric models verified using one-step-ahead (OSA) prediction, mean squares error (MSE) between actual and predicted output and correlation tests. Although both methods are capable to represent the dynamic of the system very well, it is demonstrated that ANFIS gives better prediction results than RLS in terms of mean squares error achieved between the actual and predicted signals

Improvement of a Lightweight Aluminium Cylinder Block Design Using Finite Element Stress Analysis

A SAE technical paper (2012-01-0406) has discussed about the design and manufacturing method of a lightweight cylinder block made from cast iron. In applying the features discussed in the paper to an aluminium cylinder block with a different displacement, certain modifications need to be made to the previously proposed design. In addition to that and following the ongoing trend, many modern engines have a boosting system thus necessitating the engines to be designed to withstand a higher peak combustion pressure. The mentioned SAE paper has a proven design for a 2-liter cylinder block, but the maximum peak cylinder pressure is only about 85 bar representing the naturally-aspirated engine. Thus, the new proposed design simulating a boosted engine with maximum pressure up to 120 bar requires modifications to be made especially to the critical fasteners in terms of the bolt designs, engaged thread and the structural reinforcements of the bolt bosses. The cylinder block was modelled using CATIA V5 software and stress analysis of the baseline and proposed designs were done using the same software to analyse the critical area and force distribution. Two main areas have been investigated which are near cylinder head bolt thread area and near crankshaft bearing cap thread area. It was found that, the alterations manage to increase the factor of safety and eliminating the concentrated force at certain locations. The design modifications made can improve the factor of safety by decreasing the stress and adding more structural strength focusing on cylinder head bolt threaded area and crankshaft bearing cap thread area

Rearward visibility assessment and a proposed performance scoring for ASEAN NCAP

Asia has the highest number of registered motorcycles globally and the recent data has shown that motorcycles fatalities has been the major accident and death cases in ASEAN Region. One of the major concerns is the visibility of motorcycles to other vehicles on the road. Thus, in this project, ECE R46 and FMVSS regulations have been referred as the base guidelines to establish a novel test protocols for vehicles rearward visibility assessment. Sixteen cars have been benchmarked and analysed in term of their rear-view mirror (Class I) and external mirror (Class III) performance. Motorcycles visibility to the vehicles’ Class I and Class III mirrors also been assessed by converting the measured data into number of motorcycles based on its width. A proposed performance scoring system for ASEAN NCAP has been developed based on that to address the Motorcycle Safety pillar

PID controller for idle speed control

The performance comparison of PID controllers for idle speed control internal combustion engine (ICE) is presented in this paper. There are three methods of PID tuning applied: heuristic tuning, self-tuning by pole placement, and also iterative learning algorithm (ILA). Prior to that, data collection is gained from four cylinder sparkignition engine modeling and used as the input-output data in the system identification part. The obtained transfer function from RLS technique is used in the development of the control system for the idle speed control by PID controllers. The main objective of the idle speed control is to maintain the idling speed at 650rpm and to reject as quickly as possible the extra load exerted on the engine system during idling mode. Comparing the three methods, it shows that PID tuning by ILA produced better results than heuristic tuning and pole placement

Review of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engines and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) effects on HCCI

This paper describes the development in ICE which leads to the new advanced combustion mode named Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). It explains regarding the theory and working principle of HCCI plus the difference of the process in gasoline and diesel fuelled engines. Many of pioneer and recent research works are discussed to get the current state of art about HCCI. It gives a better indication on the potential of this method in improving the fuel efficiency and emission produced by the vehicles' engine. Apart from the advantages, the challenges and future trend of this technology are also included. HCCI is applying few types of control strategy in producing the optimum performance. This paper looks into Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) as one of the control strategies

Rearward visibility technology in ASEAN market

Recent trend in modern vehicle design tends to make thick roof pillar for stronger structure to withstand collision impact; which results in limiting rearward visibility. One of the ways to circumvent this reduced visibility is by using Rearward Visibility Technology (RVT). The objective of this review paper is to produce an overview of RVTs available in ASEAN market. RVTs in ASEAN can be categorised into classes and sub-classes: Original Equipment Manufacturer(OEM), After Market, Class I, Class III, CMS, Auto-Dim and others. It can be concluded that RVT is still in introductory phase to the ASEAN region; as RVTs only been implemented by OEMs in several models mainly in premium price range, Electric Vehicle and Sport Utility Vehicles. After market RVT products offers cost-effective prices but the performance in comparison to OEM RVT is yet to be known